Peer-to-peer (P2P) apps enable users to exchange money, data, or services directly without intermediaries. They power popular use cases like payments (Venmo, Cash App), lending (LendingClub), file sharing (BitTorrent), and content delivery. By removing middlemen, P2P systems offer lower fees, faster transfers, and better access for unbanked users, while also being resilient and scalable.
However, challenges include fraud, privacy risks, limited reversibility, and complex regulations around KYC, AML, and licensing. Modern P2P platforms are adopting AI-driven fraud detection, biometrics, open banking APIs, and crypto-based transactions to enhance security and interoperability.
The market is expanding rapidly — from billions in payments and lending to decentralized storage and CDNs — driven by demand for speed and independence. Despite risks, P2P apps are reshaping finance and digital exchange, emphasizing trust, compliance, and user protection.